This study aims to explore the morphology and migration of aeolian sand ripples, as well as the evolution of barchan dunes. A blowout-type wind tunnel was used to generate a stable, unidirectional wind field, and quartz sand of different grain sizes was used to study the changes in sand ripples and dunes under different conditions. The research found that the wavelength of aeolian sand ripples is influenced not only by wind speed and grain size but also by the length of the eddy behind the crest. Additionally, after analyzing the changes in ripple migration velocity, a strong positive correlation with wind speed was identified. The study also discussed energy variations and attempted to establish a model of energy conversion between wind speed and sand migration velocity. In the experiment on the temporal evolution of barchan dunes, three main stages were identified: the extension stage, the collapse stage, and the dissipation stage. We conducted a qualitative analysis of these results, further understanding the processes and conditions of ripple and dune formation through observation and discussion. Finally, we compared our findings with the shape, dynamics, and distribution of Transverse Aeolian Ridges (TARs) on Mars, speculating on their possible origins, with the goal of further exploring the formation and evolution of planetary surface landforms.