Taiwan
This study explores the reproductive behaviors of the Delta pyriforme, including mating, nest construction, egg-laying, and brood care. The results can be summarized as follows:
In the first set of results, it was found that the average time to sexual maturity for females and males was 77 ± 10.8 hours and 63.7 ± 5.7 hours, respectively, with a mating duration of only 11 seconds.
In the second set of results, the wasps used their mandibles and front legs to rapidly shape mud into nest cells at a speed of 0.8 × 10-3 m/s, resulting in nest cells with a hardness of 4269 g weight (gw) after sealing.
In the third set of results, the study revealed that wind-induced egg oscillation occurred at a rate of 9.3 oscillations per second, with an applied tension force on the egg stalk of 164.3 nkg·m/s, with greater force resulting in longer oscillation and longer periods of rest.
In the fourth set of results, it was observed that the wasps exerted different forces to transport prey items back to the nest, depending on the prey's size. Paralyzed prey had their blood flow rate reduced to 1.64-1.13 cm/s, and their spiracles opened by 494%, extending their lifespan to facilitate the provisioning of the wasp larvae and ensure the successful development of the offspring.